[청랑 킬러문항] 2026 수능 영어 빈칸 문제 #63

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지문)

One influential critique of "cyber war" argues that most politically motivated digital intrusions fail to meet traditional criteria for war. Measured against a classical framework—direct physical violence, clear strategic compulsion (forcing immediate policy change), and identifiable political responsibility—contemporary operations typically miss at least one element, often two. Denial-of-service attacks disrupt but rarely destroy; customized malware delays programs but seldom forces capitulation; hidden authorship prevents retaliation and confuses communication. Such actions fit older categories—sabotage, espionage, subversion—more naturally than they constitute a new form of warfare. They matter, but mostly as supporting tools in a broader contest that relies on ambiguity rather than decisive force.If this diagnosis holds, then strategy should revise its language and its approach. Treating every disruption as an "attack" encourages dramatic escalation while overlooking what actually determines outcomes: strengthened defenses, reliable identification of perpetrators that withstands examination, and legal-institutional mechanisms that penalize intruders without granting them the status of legitimate combatants. Deterrence shifts accordingly—from threats of matching retaliation to prevention (making success improbable and expensive) and to sustained, quiet pressure on the networks that facilitate intrusion. Read this view carefully and the implied recommendation is that effective policy will ____________________.

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Vocabulary

intrusion	침입
capitulation	항복
sabotage	사보타주, 방해 공작
subversion	전복 활동
perpetrator	가해자, 행위자
combatant	전투원
deterrence	억제

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문제) What best completes the blank?

① classify major intrusions as acts of war and threaten equivalent military counterstrikes
②emphasize defense strengthening, credible identification of attackers, and law-enforcement approaches over warfare frameworks
③ consolidate all cyber responsibilities under a single military command to accelerate response
④ focus exclusively on public exposure of attackers while avoiding any technical countermeasures
⑤ replace current espionage laws with new legislation defining all intrusions as armed conflicts

 

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[청랑 킬러문항] 2026 수능 영어 빈칸 문제 #62