[청랑 킬러문항] 2025 수능 영어 빈칸 문제 #56

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지문)

Evolutionary explanations often satisfy by identifying an adaptive advantage: sharper vision helped spot predators, opposable thumbs enabled tool use, and so forth. Yet this template can slide into a just-so story unless constrained by independent evidence. Not every trait reflects optimization; some features persist as byproducts of structures built for other reasons, while others arise from developmental constraints or historical accident frozen into the lineage. A textbook example involves the panda's "thumb"—an enlarged wrist bone co-opted for gripping bamboo rather than a true digit redesigned from scratch. Here, evolution tinkers with available materials instead of engineering optimal solutions. Recognizing such paths requires distinguishing adaptation from exaptation, the repurposing of a feature that originally served a different function or none at all. Feathers, for instance, may have first provided insulation before being recruited for flight. Without this distinction, every observable trait becomes a trophy of selection, and the narrative loses explanatory discipline. Therefore, rigorous evolutionary accounts must demonstrate not merely that a trait is useful now, but that ______________________.

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Vocabulary

just-so story	ˌdʒʌst soʊ ˈstɔːri	그럴듯하지만 증거 없는 설명
exaptation	ˌeksæpˈteɪʃn	외적응(다른 기능에서 전용된 형질)
co-opt	koʊˈɒpt	전용하다, 다른 목적으로 활용하다
lineage	ˈlɪniɪdʒ	계통, 혈통
tinker	ˈtɪŋkər	땜질하다, 손보다
byproduct	ˈbaɪˌprɒdʌkt	부산물
constraint	kənˈstreɪnt	제약

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문제) What best completes the blank?

① all current functions must have been present throughout the trait's entire evolutionary history
② natural selection alone explains every anatomical feature without exception
③ its present utility arose through a traceable selective history rather than repurposing or constraint
④ observable advantages eliminate the need for fossil or genetic corroboration
⑤ developmental accidents play no role once a trait becomes widespread in a population

 

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